振动监测系统的可调增益技术与实现

文章设计了一种具有可调增益功能的振动监测系统。首先从监测层和测量层两个方面提出了振动监测系统的整体框架,之后给出了硬件系统和软件系统的设计方法及软件实现代码,利用控制芯片和可调增益放大器,在监测系统中整合了一套可根据采集信号幅值大小调整增益的数据采集装置;利用模拟信号发生器对不加增益和设置可调增益之后的两种信号进行了对比分析,并在汽轮发电机组实际工况下进行了振动信号采集。结果表明,具备可调增益功能的振动监测系统可有效提高采集信号的信噪比,提高汽轮发电机组的振动监测能力。     

矿用直线振动筛结构故障分析

针对煤矿选煤厂直线振动筛工作过程中出现的结构故障问题,采用有限元仿真与现场测试结合的方法对振动筛出现故障的原因进行了分析研究。介绍了振动筛的主要结构及常见故障,并以某矿选煤厂发生大梁断裂的振动筛为例,对该振动筛进行三维建模和有限元模态分析,分析结果表明:随着模态阶次的增加,振型的变化逐渐由移动转为结构本身的扭曲变形。在该振动筛空载工作状态下,选用本质安全型便携式测振记录仪进行振动测试并处理测试信号,得到该振动筛的工作频率。结合模态分析结果和实际测试结果,判断出空载时频繁运行振动筛是造成其大梁断裂的主要原因。根据故障原因给出维护建议:应当尽量避免振动筛在空载或物料较少的状态下长时间运行;在振动筛投入使用前,应预先了解振动筛的工作状态及可能存在的薄弱环节,尽可能避免结构故障,保证振动筛可靠运行。     

Suppression of forced vibration due to chip segmentation in ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V

Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V is investigated in this research. Because products made of Ti–6Al–4V alloy are usually designed for possessing low-rigidity structures or good-quality cut surfaces, machining requirements such as low cutting forces and slow rate of tool wear need to be fulfilled for realization of their precision machining. Therefore, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting is applied as a novel machining method for those products. Machinability of Ti–6Al–4V alloy by the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting with cemented carbide tools is examined to figure out suitable cutting conditions for precision machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. As experimental results, generated chips, cutting forces, and profiles of cut surfaces are indicated. A forced vibration problem occurred due to the segmented chip formation, which is also well-known in the ordinary non-vibration cutting. Therefore, characteristics of the forced vibration due to the chip segmentation are investigated in this research. Through the experiments, it is found that the frequency and magnitude of the forced vibration have relation with the average uncut chip thickness and cutting width. Especially, it is found that the averaging effect can suppress the forced vibration, i.e. the chip segmentation tends to occur randomly over the large cutting width, and hence the force fluctuations with random phases tend to cancel each other as the cutting width increases relatively against the average uncut chip thickness. Based on the investigations, a new practical strategy to suppress the forced vibration due to chip segmentation is proposed and verified. Using the proposed method significantly decreased cutting forces and good quality of surfaces are obtained when the forced vibration is suppressed compared to the ordinary non-vibration cutting results. Therefore, the results suggest that the precision machining can be realized without sacrificing the machining efficiency by increasing the width of cut and decreasing the average uncut chip thickness.     

Free vibration behavior of a thermally post-buckled FG Timoshenko beam under large deflection using a tangent stiffness-based method

For thermally postbuckled configurations, the free vibration behavior of functionally graded (FG) Timoshenko beams are investigated. The postbuckling configurations are obtained through a geometrically nonlinear static problem. The free vibration problem around the postbuckled configuration is formulated using its tangent stiffness. The energy based governing equations are solved following the Ritz method. The elements of the tangent stiffness matrix are obtained using the Ritz coefficients. The results are shown to exhibit the effects of FG material, material profile parameter, and length-thickness ratio. The comparative results are presented for both the cases of the physical neutral surface and the geometrical neutral surface.     

机翼极限环颤振的CFD/CSD全隐式紧耦合方法

针对轴承振动实时状态监控的需要，从符号动力学角度提出了符号聚合近似与Lempel-ziv复杂度（SAX-LZC）融合的振动监控参数。首先，以Logistic映射和Duffing方程为对象，从理论角度验证了SAX-LZC对动力学结构表征的准确性，并验证了该指标的抗噪能力和计算效率；其次，将SAX-LZC指标与信息熵、样本熵、多分段Lempel-ziv复杂度等动力学参数性能进行了综合对比；最后，从实验角度对轴承早期微弱异常进行了监测，并对轴承典型故障进行了特征提取。理论研究结果表明，SAX-LZC具有动力学结构表征准确、抗噪能力好、计算高效简洁等优点，克服了常规动力学参数工程应用能力弱的问题。实验研究结果表明，SAX-LZC对早期微弱异常有准确的监测，对不同种类故障具有较好的区分度，弥补了时域和频域对轴承微弱故障表征能力不足的缺陷，是一种轴承振动实时状态监控与故障特征提取的有效参数。     

腐蚀对模块式钢结构选煤厂设备支架振动响应影响的测试及分析

选煤厂采用模块式钢结构作为设备支架,受设备使用及养护不当造成结构构件严重腐蚀,构件截面削弱,导致结构产生过大振动,通过对结构各层振动响应测试,得到各测点水平向及竖直向振动速度幅值。经分析得出腐蚀后对结构整体刚度影响程度,为后期采取措施及安全生产提供依据。     

Process and joint quality of ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir lap welding

In order to improve the process effectiveness and joint quality, ultrasonic vibrations were integrated with friction stir lap welding. Effect of ultrasonic exertion on the process and joint quality of AA 6061-T6 were investigated. Upon ultrasonic exertion, joints owned larger effective lap width, shorter hooks and improved strength. Weld fracture mode changed from a ductile–brittle mixed mode to a more ductile mode while the fracture path shifted from lap interface to beyond the stir zone. Material flow and interface defects were characterised using lap welded dissimilar aluminium alloy joints. Ultrasonic vibration improved the material flow and reduced the interfacial defects. Variations in failure load of joints were found in accordance with the variations in material flow and interfacial defects.     

Electro-magneto temperature-dependent vibration analysis of functionally graded-carbon nanotube-reinforced piezoelectric Mindlin cylindrical shells resting on a temperature-dependent,orthotropic elastic medium

Vibration smart control analysis of a temperature-dependent functionally graded-carbon nanotube-reinforced piezoelectric cylindrical shell embedded in an orthotropic elastic medium is investigated. The mixture law is used for obtaining the material properties of the structure. The structure is subjected to a 2D magnetic field. Considering the first-order shear deformation theory, the motion equations are obtained. Based on an analytical method and differential quadrature method, the frequency is calculated. The effects of applied voltage, magnetic field, volume percent, and distribution type of carbon nanotubes, temperature, orthotropic elastic medium, and length to radius ratio of the shell are shown on system frequency.     

风洞模型加速度负反馈振动主动控制方法研究

针对尾撑式风洞模型强方向性振动问题,基于异位配置加速度负反馈控制器对风洞模型振动主动控制方法进行研究。首先,通过模态分析得到系统低阶模态振动的强方向性并基于系统特性设计了具有结构耦合性的内嵌压电陶瓷作动器的风洞模型振动主动控制系统。然后,基于异位配置NAF控制器分别设计了针对第二阶模态和前两阶模态的单模态NAF控制算法和双模态NAF控制算法。最后,进行了实验验证,结果表明:双模态NAF控制算法控制效果较好,前两阶模态阻尼比分别提高近13倍和近40倍,镇定时间分别缩短近11s和近26s。     

双盘式磁力耦合器振动噪声分析与实验研究

为了在双盘式磁力耦合器设计阶段分析振动噪声特性,优化双盘式磁力耦合器设计,提出了一种利用模态叠加原理来分析其振动噪声的方法。双盘式磁力耦合器具有高转矩密度与高效率等优势,因此逐渐发展成为煤矿机械柔性传动装置。由于双盘式磁力耦合内部的转子磁场非正弦分布以及涡电流谐波等因素影响,双盘式磁力耦合器输出转矩中不可避免的存在波动。若根据计算得出的双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动噪声特点,在设计时选取振动噪声小的参数进行优化组合,可在实际中降低其电磁振动及噪声,有利于减少制造成本。本文结合双盘式磁力耦合器的结构特征,提出了一种模态叠加响应法计算电磁振动噪声,建立了其电磁径向力的解析模型,并在多物理场耦合作用下分析主要电磁径向力波在工作频率内的谐波响应,最后在额定功率为55 kW双盘式磁力耦合器实验台上进行试验验证。基于麦克斯韦张量法,建立了双盘式磁力耦合器的径向电磁力解析模型,并得出0阶与10阶电磁径向力波是产生振动噪声的最主要原因;利用多物理场耦合分析法进行谐波响应NVH特性分析,结果显示0阶力波的振动加速度与形变量均大于10阶力波的振动加速度与形变量,因此双盘式磁力耦合器的电磁振动主要来源于0阶力波;在额定功率为55 kW,最高转速为1 500 r/min的双盘式磁力耦合器实验台进行振动测试,试验结果显示在1 500 r/min时,试验得出的最大振动峰值及频率约为35 m/s^2和4 950 Hz,与有限元仿真结果的误差对应为6.3%和1.1%;而当变频电机的输入转速依次增大时,振动加速度的理论值、仿真值与试验值的曲线形态较为接近,误差较小;噪声估计值与实测值的最大误差仅为8.9%,基本验证了本文所提出模态叠加法的正确性。